We recorded the number and the area of micro- and macroscopic foci found in the affected organs.
It includes a measurement of tumor response after preoperative therapy: grade 1, good responsiveness (tumor is sterilized or only microscopic foci of adenocarcinoma remain); grade 2, moderate responsiveness (marked fibrosis but still with a macroscopic tumor); grade 3, poor responsiveness (little or no fibrosis with abundant macroscopic tumor).
While success in graduate school does require some focus and diligence, an absence of ANY external stimulation, macroscopic focus, or grand vision can lead to stagnant, derivative research (not to mention a lackluster career).
This has three grades; no evidence of residual disease, <1 cm of macroscopic residual tumour (residual microscopic foci of cancer cells included) and >1 cm of residual macroscopic tumour (Kuerer et al, 1998).
The autopsy of moribund mice revealed in all cases the presence of numerous macroscopic metastatic foci and a massive distortion of both lungs (Fig. 1c), accompanied by severe breathing difficulties at the time of death.
Incisions were made on a selection of lymph nodes and organs, in order to reveal potential macroscopic lesions compatible with mycobacterial infection, which were defined as distinct foci of white-yellow tissue, further addressed as tuberculous lesions.
As shown in Figure 6, 100% of the mice from both groups developed numerous macroscopic pulmonary foci.
Since MDAPanc-28 cells are 4 5 times smaller than Capan-1 cells, 7×106 MDAPanc-28 cells were injected intrasplenically into nude mice, which generated small macroscopic metastatic focuses in 2/3 of the mice, 20 22 weeks later.
(2) The evaluation of macroscopic results focuses on grade ⩾2 lesions which reveal alterations that can easily be diagnosed (grade 3 lesions are the most distinct lesions!).
All M34 injected mice were necropsied and the analysis showed spleen tumours in 62.5% of them (5/8) and several macroscopic metastatic focuses to the bowel, diaphragm, kidney, ganglia or suprarenal glands in 75% of the mice (6/8).
