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We have characterized the macroscopic displacement of the structure through a radius of curvature measurement, ranging from 11.4 mm to 7.5 mm depending on the supply voltage provided.
Correspondingly, the macroscopic displacement of coarse element can be divided into three parts which are contributed by nodal (original), hierarchical and modal shape functions, respectively.
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Microscopic and macroscopic displacements of polymer flooding to heavy oil at various levels of salinity and connate water saturation have been investigated.
Macroscopic displacement efficiency is a measure of the effectiveness of the displacing fluid(s) in contacting the oil zone volumetrically; while microscopic displacement efficiency refers to the effectiveness of the displacing fluid(s) in mobilizing oil trapped at the pore scale by capillary forces.
The overall oil displacement efficiency during oil recovery processes is defined by the product of the macroscopic displacement efficiency (macro-scale) and the microscopic displacement efficiency (micro-scale).
The components of the macroscopic displacement gradient tensor, E, are given by i = 1, 2, 3 and j = 1, 2, 3. are the coordinates of a given particle in the stress-free reference state (time t′), displaced to coordinates in the current state (time t).
We found out that the change in the kinetic energy of some object is equal to the work done by a force, which was some F times Δx and then if you add all the changes over a not infinitesimal displacement, but a macroscopic displacement, that was given by integral of F times dx and the integral of F times dx from x1 to x2.
The ultimate goal of EOR processes is to increase the overall oil displacement efficiency, which is a function of microscopic and macroscopic displacement efficiency.
The importance of controlling fluid mobility to increase macroscopic displacement efficiency has been well recognized by many researches (Pitts et al. 1995; Du and Guan 2004; Kotlar et al. 2007).
However, CO2-flooding suffers from poor macroscopic displacement efficiency in a heterogeneous reservoir due to the low viscosity of CO2.
At the same time, the macroscopic displacement was better managed in this case.
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