Sentence examples for macroscopic approach which from inspiring English sources

Residual stresses are calculated using two approaches: (1) a "macroscopic" approach which considers total composite strain and (2) a "micromechanical" approach which considers time dependent effects in the metal phase.

Fruin [5] observed pedestrian flow characteristics based on macroscopic approach, which was adopted by TRB in 1985.

To take into account the effects of P (the tensile hydrostatic pressure inside the oxide volume) and σ (the compressive surface stress at the Si/SiO2 interface) on the oxidation parameter, we have used a "macroscopic" approach in which the activation energy of the various parameter is considered to vary as a result of the work applied by these forces on the oxide shell.

Then the equivalent tangent stiffness matrix and internal force vector of the macroscopic coarse element are deduced based on the co-rotational approach, which can describe the motion of macroscopic coarse element clearly and efficiently.

Herein we describe a multi-scale modeling approach, which links microscopic and macroscopic transport phenomena in spiral wound elements.

To generate a well-posed topology optimization problem we use the relaxation approach which requires homogenization theory to relate the macroscopic material properties to the microstructure, here a sequentially ranked laminate.

These are classified as top-down approach, which entails various lithographic methods (working from the macroscopic to the nano-scopic), and bottom-up approach which involves the self-assembly of atoms or molecules on the surface into large structures [9, 11].

In order to characterize the macroscopic resilience properties of the proteomic system, we adopted a network approach which is based on molecular protein interactions.

The out-of-plane macroscopic elastic properties and strength domain of brickwork are derived through an original homogenization approach, which relies upon the discretization of 1/4 of any unit cell by six constant moment elements.

Ramp metering based on a macroscopic approach leads to a loss of capacity, which we overcome by implementing a management technique that integrates individual vehicles in the stream.

To deal with such systems, mesoscopic theories emerged, such as lattice Boltzmann (LB) models, which connect the microscopic and macroscopic approach to fluid dynamics.