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Leishmania survive and propagate within host macrophages by inhibiting several macrophage functions, including production of RNI.
On switching to lytic infection, MHV-68 inhibited a range of macrophage functions, including MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation, and produced new virions.
These reports can redirect the focus of the macrophage PPARγ research from the regulation of classical macrophage activation to other macrophage functions, including alternative macrophage activities.
IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in improving survival in animals challenged with LPS and inhibits several macrophage functions including TNF-α production in vivo and in vitro[ 16].
Microarray analysis of gene expression revealed that IL-10 activated various genes essential for macrophage functions, including other members of the TNFR superfamily, receptors for chemokines and growth factors, Toll-like receptors, and TNFR-associated signaling molecules.
Such IL-10 induction of inflammatory molecules in monocytes/macrophages was confirmed by our microarray analysis of gene expression showing that IL-10 activated various genes essential for macrophage functions, including other members of the TNF receptor superfamily, receptors for chemokines and growth factors, TLRs, and TRAFs.
Similar(54)
Diabetes is known to compromise macrophage function including phagocytosis activity [6], [7].
This gene has multiple pleiotropic effects on macrophage function, including regulation of cytokine production, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1 β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II expression and antigen presentation functions [7], [8].
NRAMP1 has also pleiotropic effects on macrophage function, including upregulation of chemokine/cytokine gene, TNFα, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), MHC expression as well as tumoricidal and antimicrobial activity.
Diabetes is known to compromise macrophage function including phagocytosis activity [ 29].
Native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation was associated with a general repression of various critical genes for macrophage function, including pro-inflammatory genes.
Related(18)
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macrophage phenotypes including
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macrophage receptors including
macrophage PRRs including
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