These data favor a specificity of the nucleolin- dependent Stat1 nuclear translocation for the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, which is independent of IFNγ.
To determine whether K562 cells with reduced cyclin A2 upon treatment with DOX underwent megakaryocytic pathway and monocyte-macrophage differentiation, which are the other two differentiation pathways of K562 cells, flow cytometric measurement of megakaryocytic specific surface antigen CD61 (GPIIIa) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay were carried out, respectively.
This could be due to PMA used for monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, which has been described to up-regulate their expression [ 24].
In this study we have identified a number of macrophage characteristics associated with differentiation which vary in THP-1 cells treated with different protocols.
Notably, media collected from high glucose-treated macrophages induced cardiac fibroblast differentiation, which was prevented by exendin-4, whilst several cytokines/chemokines were differentially expressed/secreted by exendin-4-treated macrophages, some of which were modulated in STZ exendin-4-treated hearts.
A further distinguishing feature of macrophage differentiation is autofluorescence, which is marked in differentiated macrophages such as alveolar macrophages but low in other myeloid cell types such as monocytes and dendritic cells [25].
To investigate the mechanism of ROS-mediated macrophage differentiation, we examined which MAPK pathway is required for human primary monocyte differentiation with inhibitors specific for each pathway.
DOX has been shown to cause monocyte macrophage functional differentiation, which induces an augmented phagocytic activity as well as an increased secretion of several cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, or tumor necrosis factor [ 62].
To determine the maturational state of endometrial macrophages as compared to blood monocytes, we evaluated which genes that are regulated during macrophage differentiation are differentially regulated between endometrial and blood CD14+ cells.
We conclude that although v-Myb has been intensively studied as a transcriptional activator, v-Myb can repress biologically relevant genes such as Ets-2, which promotes macrophage differentiation.
