In this paper, we use the normative measure based on ISCO alongside a statistical measure,8 which allows for a categorisation of workers that is consistent with the macro level measure (following ILO (2013c, 2014)).
Skills mismatch at macro-level is measured by a skills mismatch index (SMI), while traditional measures of undereducation and overeducation are used at the microeconomic level.
One is a macro-level analysis that measures how domain shift affects corpus-level evaluation; the second is a micro-level analysis for word-level errors.
You look at various macro, market-level measures: price-to-book value, price-to-cash flow [then] those markets look much cheaper than the U.S. and Europe.
We complement the measure of skills mismatch at the macro level with measures of overeducation and undereducation at the individual level.
Three levels of analysis are presented: (1) macro-level analysis comparing the number of measures strictly addressing resilience versus sustainability, (2) meso-level analysis of the coverage of types of hazards within SAFs (e.g. flood, fire), and (3) micro-level analysis of SAF measures connected to flood-related hazard resilience.
Interestingly, the most important metrics that CMOs depend upon to help demonstrate value to the rest of the enterprise are all general, macro-level, and in some cases, firm measures: ROI (31%), customer loyalty/retention (31%), and revenue (28%).
In addition, economic and social measures and other macro-level elements, such as urban sprawl, have been associated with higher rates of obesity (Ewing et al. 2003).
Gay legal discrimination, size of place of residence and measure of economic inequality were macro-level or country-level variables that influenced IH.
Although the generic ballot is a crude measure, it is probably the best macro-level indicator of the direction that the House is headed in.
