Macro-scale parameters such as forging rates are linked with microstructure deformation using boundary conditions drawn from the theory of multi-scale homogenization.
Results show that both the concerning macro-scale parameters should be accounted for in sub-grid correlation if higher accuracy is pursued.
This is done by filtering over results of highly resolved simulations, where the concerning macro-scale parameters are held constant at various levels.
The effect of the micro-, meso- and macro-scale parameters on the actuation responses of the artificial muscle was further discussed through a parametric study per the validated model.
Two macro-scale parameters associated to flow topology, namely the average solid volume fraction and the average gas Reynolds number, are both considered as for their effects over relevant filtered parameters.
The MFPM enables us to quantify soil heterogeneity at two scales: the micro-scale parameters describe on average the effects of pore network heterogeneities on the two-phase flow pattern; the macro-scale parameters indicate the variability of permeability at the scale of interconnected pore networks.
Effective parameters for the macro scale are required for these simulations in order to avoid a detailed discretisation of the geological structures.
The approach is based on a multi-dimensional statistical modeling of the macro scale spatial variability of rating curve parameters using a set of geophysical factors including geomorphology, hydro-climatology and land cover/land use over the Conterminous United States.
An efficient multi-scale sensitivity analysis technique is then introduced that allows computation of the sensitivity of microstructure field variables such as slip resistances and texture with respect to perturbations in macro-scale forming parameters such as forging rates, die shapes and preform shapes.
The material damage concept under reverse loading, which correlates the material damage for micro-void nucleation to macro-scale mechanical parameters, was proposed in consideration of two aspects of the Bauschinger effect: (a) a mechanical aspect which influences deformation and stress/strain behaviors in steel structures, (b) a material damage aspect caused by dislocation behavior.
This study would reveal the dual-function of cationic doping in both macro scale component ratio and atomic scale crystal lattice parameter, and grasp new insight into the design and optimization of high performance hybrid cathode for SIBs.
