Likewise, most works have focused on a micro- individual level of analysis [ 71– 73], the macro-organizational level [ 74, 75] has been considered to a lesser extent [ 60].
Notwithstanding such recent advances in the area of macro-organizational influences, the bulk of work stress research remains focused on task-level factors like psychological demands and job control [ 3], or effort and rewards [ 4].
To better understand why interventions succeed or fail, we assess contextual factors (i.e., micro- and macro-organizational structure and existing management processes) and intervening variables (e.g., team climate, safety culture, and knowledge of medication safety principles, Figure 1).
High-performance units, measured by medical records as well as financial reviews, were assessed and nine success characteristics identified: leadership of microsystem, culture of microsystem, interdependence of care team, macro-organizational support of microsystem, patient focus, staff focus, information and information technology, process improvement and performance pattern [ 11].
Item 35 of the macro-dimension Organizational Defense presented a negative slope.
Context factors range from a micro-level (patient and doctor characteristics) to meso- and macro-levels (organizational and societal features).
In this study we restricted ourselves to identify context factors that are visible on a micro-level, but we did not look for context factors acting at meso- or macro-levels (organizational, demographical, political), that may also play a role [ 23].
Thus, an understanding of how network structure inter-relates with technology and its adopters proves beneficial in reaping benefits required at the organizational (macro) and individual (micro) levels.
And one element at the macro level: 6) organizational support, to consider the policy and financing context.
Focus groups allow researchers to assess participants' thoughts and the rationale behind them, informing both the micro level interactions and experiences and macro elements, like organizational context [ 34].
The fourth macro-dimension is Organizational Defense.
