They modelled micro-to-macro mechanisms of the interface and studied the numerical implementation of this model in combination with a discrete crack model for concrete.
Hedstrom and Swedberg's classification of "macro-to-micro", "micro-to-micro", and "micro-to-macro" mechanisms has been particularly useful to organize the results [ 32, 33].
Finally, micro-to-macro mechanisms refer to the way in which team learning processes generate an array of new services and a style of responding to women exposed to IPV.
Thus it is necessary that one investigates the micro-mechanics as well as macro-mechanics damage mechanisms of such a material.
Microstructure observation and macro mechanics analysis with FEM simulation are adopted to investigate the fracture mechanism.
The interfacial zone between asphalt mastic and aggregate has a significant influence on the macro-mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of asphalt concrete (AC).
To investigate the macro-mechanical response and meso-mechanism of damage by void growth and coalescence in the materials with graded yield stress, detailed finite element computations of a representative cylindrical cell containing a spherical void are performed.
The principal such characteristics are the evolution of specific surface area and of bond cross-sectional area at the micro-scale, and of porosity at the macro-scale, which become key variables linking the micro-scale and macro-scale mechanisms.
Currently, potential GDP may be growing as slowly as 2.3% to 2.5%, which means that 3.0% or 3.5% would be enough to reduce unemployment after a lag.I believe that the macro demand mechanism incorporates a lot of inertia and momentum, i.e., it has positive serial correlation.
