In turn, the plastic flow potential generated by the stress strain response of the microcell is used as the constitutive response at the continuum macro level for simulation of ductile fracture and for the assessments of toughness.
National policy documents demonstrate wide-ranging governmental expectation at the macro level for a) using patient experiences in QI, b) the future role of patients, and c) patient involvement in decision making at all levels [ 2, 3, 41].
Or, it could be a 'process', describing various actions taking place either at the facility level (e.g. patient care, organizational management, facility maintenance), or at the more macro level, for example, as a referral system.
In terms of the former this may occur for example where where individuals avoid visiting certain locations or forego certain activities because they are perceived to pose a risk.24 Such harms may occur both on the micro or macro levels (for example in the areas of tourism and transport)25 potentially causing great economic damage.
The appropriate use of mobile technology for service provision, information dissemination, empowerment activities, and data collection in humanitarian settings can have several benefits on both the micro and macro levels for women and girls.
It must be noted that the present work is an improvement from the Ref. [22], which showed hierarchical structure is effective in providing a bridge between the nano- to the macro- level for heat transfer.
At the macro level, pay-for-performance incentives have been used to stimulate improvements in a range of different services including coordination of care.
In 2009 the market shares in sheltered housing were at macro level 46%, 32%and23%3% for the municipalities, for-profit providers and not-for-profit providers respectively [ 35].
When including the three macro level indicators only the coefficients for the country dummies become less significant and varied in their magnitude.
At the macro level, especially within the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) tradition, researchers deal with the patterns of rhetorical organizations of academic texts in various disciplines.
