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Macro and small cells are operating at different frequency bands.
Figure 3 The geographic location of macro and small cell base stations (example).
As a consequence, the shadow fading of macro and small cells are cross-correlated.
HDAC activity is regulated by macro and small molecules (HDAC inhibitors).
Fig. 10 Time trace of the number of active users in macro and small cells as well as ABS pattern.
Due to the different transmit powers between the macro and small cells, interference levels are also different.
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Nevertheless, as additional spectrum licenses are difficult and expensive to acquire, it is expected that the macro and small-cells will coexist under the same spectrum.
The macro and small-cell layers are working on orthogonal sets of subchannels in the initial stage with 30 subchannels in total which are allocated to the small cells.
Following this direction, the 3GPP has introduced, within the long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) specifications, the possibility to deploy a heterogeneous network (HetNet) composed by macro and small-range (i.e., micro, pico, and femto) cells[6].
In this scheme, the CP/UP may both be maintained cooperatively by the macro- and small cells.
Similarly for an uplink HetNet, the co-channel interference between macro- and small cells also exists, and it becomes an essential concern which limits the entire network performance.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com