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The thermal drift in three directions shifted with environmental temperature and machine tool surface temperature.
In addition, Refs. [62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68] used the thermal resistance to measure the machine tool surface temperature, and Refs. [69, 70] used the thermocouples.
The machine tool surface temperature measurement error can be divided into 3 parts: (1) When the temperature sensor's surface makes contact with the machine tool, the heat flow will be more concentrated at the testing point.
Due to the existence of the coating layer on the surface of the fiber Bragg grating sensor, there is about a 0.15 mm gap between the machine tool surface and the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing point.
It results in temperature measurement error ΔT 1. (2) The thermal contact resistance between a temperature sensor's surface and machine tool surface results in a temperature drop ΔT 2. (3) There is a certain distance between the temperature sensor's sensing point and the surface of the machine tool, which creates the temperature measurement error ΔT 3. .
The thermal contact resistance between a temperature sensor's surface and machine tool surface results in a temperature drop ΔT 2. There is a certain distance between the temperature sensor's sensing point and the surface of the machine tool, which creates the temperature measurement error ΔT 3. Optical fibers are mainly made of quartz and organic resin material.
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The testing results for the above electrical temperature sensors show the discrete-point temperature of the heavy-duty CNC machine tool's surface.
Various chemical compounds specifically titanium carbide (TiC) were seen on both the machined and the tool surface due to material transfer during machining.
Broaching machine, tool for finishing surfaces by drawing or pushing a cutter called a broach entirely over and past the surface.
All tool features and the basic geometry were machined into each individual lamina in the same set-up by 2D abrasive waterjet machining, and the final tool surface was CNC-machined.
Camposeco-Negrete [12] modeled energy consumption of machining parameters for a specific lathe machine tool with the Response Surface Method.
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