Sentence examples for ma studies from inspiring English sources

Direct mutation rate estimates derived from MA studies are often extrapolated to other species for evolutionary analysis; for example, MA line derived rates from C. elegans and D. melanogaster have been used for internally calibrated molecular clock based approaches to estimate divergence times among species in these two animal genera (Cutter 2008).

Importantly, we controlled for TA which is typically not controlled for in MA studies.

Furthermore the current study controls for test-anxiety which is typically not controlled for in MA studies.

Our estimates for the rates of mutational decline in adult fitness are greater than estimates from both classical [ 30] and recent MA studies using viability [ 21, 31, 32].

There is a striking difference in the size distribution of spontaneous duplications and deletions detected in MA studies and their size distribution in these populations undergoing adaptive recovery.

Many MA studies have used wild-caught or recently domesticated populations; the fitness assays used are unlikely to encapsulate the relevant selective environment.

All three studies revealed that a minority of EDs had computerized medication ordering: 38% in the present national study, 15% in the 2006 MA study, and 18% in the 2000 national study.

MA: Study supervision, data analysis, manuscript revision.

MA study design, obtaining ethical approval from Ministry of Health, Iraq, data collection and writing the manuscript, RA statistical data analysis and writing the manuscript.

MA: study design and coordination; SC and DL: bioinformatics analysis and results organization; GG: NumtS amplification and sequencing; CS: supervisor; GR: supervisor and sequencing fund support.

One MA study performed in a sexual species of ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, found rapid loss in fitness, and extinction of all 20 MA lines after only 16 transfers (Brito et al. 2010).