where M i is initial amount of calcein during the preparation and M s is the amount of non-encapsulated calcein in the supernatant [13].
where N is the initial number of electrons on the island and M is the initial number of electrons in the source electrode.
For the Case 1, where P M is the initial point of PM,W, and for the Case 2, where Pint is the initial point of PM,W, the watermark is defined by: V → M, W [ n, m ] = V → refi [ n, m ] − ( 1 − F a [ n, m ] ).
It is well known that the final speed V of rocket is V=-{W}_{mathrm{e}} ln frac{M_{mathrm{k}}}{M}=-{W}_{mathrm{e}} ln {mu}_{mathrm{k}} (12 where W e is the speed exhaust gas of the rocket, m/s; M k is the final mass of the rocket, kg; M is the initial mass of the rocket, kg; μ k = M k /M is the ratio of the final and initial mass of the rocket.
Both w(k) and v n (k) are assumed to be zero-mean white Gaussian noise (WGN) and x 0) ∈ ℝ M is the initial state of the target.
A design dimension instance is a tuple ddi= 〈M,d d,t e〉, where M is an initial UML architectural model, dd is a design dimension, and te is a target element of dd with respect to M. A variation point describes the elements (architectural extensions) that must be added to the initial model in order to implement such particular solution.
The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of PLP is calculated using the equation: left(mathrm{meq}/mathrm{g}right)=left M-Sright)/m where M is the initial concentration of the solution, S is the concentration of the solution after adsorption, and m is the amount of the bio-adsorbent.
An application specific design space is a tuple asds= 〈M,d s,D D I〉, where M is an initial UML architectural model, ds is a design space, and DDI is a partially ordered set of design dimension instances, defined as: DDI=bigcup^{ddin ds.DD}left bigcup^{tein dd.targetElements(M }ddi=leftlangle M,dd,terightrangle right) (1).
S_{text{c}} = s_{text{uc}} - frac{{s_{text{uc}}^{2} }}{2m}, (20 where S c is the equivalent drawdown in a non-leaky confined aquifer (m); s uc is the drawdown observed in an unconfined aquifer (m); and m is the initial saturated thickness of the aquifer (m).
Also, R (t), R Z (t), Y Z (t) and Yd (t) are written by (6) (7) (8) (9)where φ(m) is the initial mass function (IMF), ω(m, Z(t)),m Z (m, Z(t)) and md(m, Z(t)) are the remnant mass, metal mass newly produced and ejected, and dust mass produced and ejected, by a star of initial mass m and metallicity Z, respectively.
