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We observed that IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 triggered STAT5 phosphorylation in a greater proportion of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to CD4 and CD8 counterparts.
Others similarly detected an increased proportion of CD45RO+CCR7− and CXCR3+ cells in CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to CD4 and CD8 T cells7, 42.
Moreover, IL-15 induced STAT5 phosphorylation in a higher percentage of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to memory CD4 and CD8 T cells.
Overall, IL-15 and IL-2 triggered STAT5 phosphorylation in a significantly greater proportion of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to naïve CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets.
Cynomolgus macaques had significantly higher frequencies of circulating invariant NKT lymphocytes compared to both rhesus macaques and AIDS-resistant sooty mangabeys.
Moreover, IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 can trigger STAT5 phosphorylation in a greater proportion of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to other T cell subsets supporting the unique features of these cells.
We looked for the presence of CXCR3, a key chemokine receptor that is greatly expressed by effector T lymphocytes30 and previously shown to be detected on a greater portion of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to CD4 T cells7.
We observed that similar proportions of CCR6−CXCR3+ Th1, CCR6+CXCR3− Th17 and CCR6+CXCR3+ Th1/Th17 cells were present within the peripheral CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to central memory and effector memory CD4 T cells (Fig. 3A).
In contrast, the proportion of Tc1 (yellow) was significantly lower whereas the percentage of Tc17 cells (green) was significantly greater in CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to the effector memory CD8 T cells (CCR7−) (*p < 0.05) (Fig. 3B).
Mice treated with χ4550pIL2 or χ4550 had fewer liver tumors and increased populations of hepatic and circulating NK1.1+CD3− lymphocytes compared to mice treated with saline (P < 0.01).
It has been hypothesized that the lower CCR5 concentration on the surface of the CD4 T lymphocytes compared to that on cell lines used for the neutralization assays could be a contributing factor to the observed differences in neutralizing activity.
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