The Smith-Martin model provides a more realistic approximation for lymphocyte inter-division times than models that assume an exponential distribution of inter-division times, such as the ODE models.
Phytohemagglutinin is a lectin found in plants, and is used as a mitogen to trigger T lymphocyte cell division.
Recent work by Hawkins et al [ 37] and Wellard et al [ 33] suggests that such dependencies may play a role in lymphocyte activation, division and death decisions.
Upon activation, lymphocytes undergo division via the cell cycle, that comprises an S ('synthesis') phase (during which deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] is copied), and M ('mitosis') phase (during which the dividing cell splits into daughter cells), separated by G ('gap') phases [ 54].
Populations of cells, like lymphocytes "that undergo many divisions" are those that have been selected to be capable of continuing cell division, as seen in stem and progenitor populations, which are not found amongst neurons that are, by definition, post-mitotic.
As output, the simulator produces a set of files corresponding to population data (both total number of lymphocytes and the division between clonotypes, cytokines, and antibody concentrations per lattice point) plus Logo files [85] of lymphocytes at certain time steps.
An effective immune response relies on the ability of naïve lymphocytes to undergo massive cell divisions (reviewed in [ 72]), which requires sufficiently long telomeres.
MSCs also induced arrest of T-cell division in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs); this effect was irreversible upon removal of the MSCs.
The role of LKB1 and AMPK family kinases in lymphocytes is not known but is topical because of the increasing awareness that energy control and the regulation of asymmetric cell division may control T lymphocyte fate 11, 30.
This condition can be associated with impaired proliferation and division of lymphocytes, which is a key element for the development of the immune reaction.
