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A total of 13 time points within controlled tidal volume respiration were used to account for realistic and irregular lung motion in human volunteers.
Indirect measures include, but are not limited to, external reflective optical or infrared markers of abdominal displacement[51], lung volume spirometer[47], or image segmentation of the diaphragm on x-ray projections combined with a lung motion model prior to CT reconstruction[52].
If taking lung motion during breathing into account [ 10], the penumbra might be even larger.
Novel technology has made dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lung motion and lung tumour mobility during continuous respiration feasible.
Although the lung motion during breathing makes the effect uncertain [ 10], the penumbra might be even larger.
Three sensors are also placed on the patient's chest within the sensing volume, and these allow for tracking of the lung motion during spontaneous respiration (Fig. 2D).
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Dynamic repetitive acquisitions at low resolution provide a robust means of assessment of lung wall motion for investigation of dynamic lung volumes [10], tumour motion for radiotherapy planning [11] and paradoxical diaphragmatic motion.
Both studies reported that lung tumor motion was independent and cannot be predicted by any factors.
Section 2 describes 3D lung tumor motion data used for the experimental study.
The temporal resolution is already reasonably high for monitoring lung tumour motion in real-time [ 6].
Prior to simulation, lung tumor motion amplitude was assessed on fluoroscopy.
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