In one study, metformin use was associated with a 45% decreased risk of lung cancer (hazard ratio 0.55 [95% CI 0.37 0.82]) (9), whereas in the two other studies, no statistically significant association was found (8, 10).
The findings of this study are comparable to those observed by Ferrara et al. (8), where ever use of metformin, compared with never use, was not associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (hazard ratio 1.0 [95% CI 0.8 1.1]).
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says that long-term exposure to diesel fumes is likely to pose a lung cancer hazard, and that the particulate emissions from diesels are associated with increased risk of heart and respiratory problems.
Adjusting for age and a healthy-worker survivor effect, lung cancer hazard ratios were elevated in workers with jobs associated with regular exposure to vehicle exhaust.
One PiFF homozygote was identified from the Kentucky Lung Clinic (Hazard, Kentucky, USA) with a confirmed diagnosis by phenotyping (isoelectric focusing, University of Florida laboratories, Florida, USA).
"The assessment concludes that long-term inhalation exposure is likely to pose a lung cancer hazard to humans, as well as damage the lung in other ways depending on exposure.
Of note, no association was seen in univariate analyses between the latest CD4 count and mortality from either lung (relative hazard per 50 cells/mm higher: 0.99 [95% confidence interval 0.95-1.03], p = 0.70) or anal (1.02 [0.93-1.12], p = 0.70) cancer.
Low GalNAc-T3 expression was an unfavourable prognostic factor in pStage I non-small cell lung cancers (hazards ratio, 2.04; P=0.03), and in pStage I nonsquamous cell carcinomas (hazards ratio, 2.70; P=0.03).
This report reviews evidence for the usefulness of the rat for evaluation of lung cancer hazards from inhaled particles.
The present study represents a step toward a better understanding of the physical chemical components of engine emissions presenting the greatest lung health hazards.
