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Subsequently, by combining the IELP method and the local search (LS) procedure, we put forward a hybrid algorithm, denoted by IELP-LS, for the circular packing problem with performance constraints of equilibrium.
We use a local search (LS) procedure employing a heuristic improvement to standard simulated annealing (SA) to solve the APG problem.
The most complex term d ¯ 3 p L O n 4 is tempered by two very low coefficients: the proportion of times the LS procedure is used (p L ), which may be very low for small matrices, and the cube of the average density d ¯, which was lower than 0.5 in our examples for matrices of order beyond 32 000.
The rank-based Wilcoxon, least squares (LS) procedure, and mle procedures complete the methods investigated.
In any case, the LS procedure can take advantage of Ridge Regression [10], which successfully treats situations of regression with collinearity or near-collinearity.
In order to employ this LS procedure, we introduce an optimization variant of the APG problem, which includes the definition of penalty functions and a neighborhood structure.
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The M-L procedure was preferred to ordinary linear least squares regression after log transformation of d because some concentrations in tissues other than liver were below the LOQ.
The presence of <LOQ observations was handled in the M-<span class="lh lhl">L procedure by incorporating into the model left-censoring of d at the appropriate LOQ value [11], which varied according to the experiment and tissue [5], [9].
WS and GN helped with performance of the EE-L procedure and clinical management of the patients.
The operator performing the EE-L procedure in this study was familiar with both the endoscopic ligation and submucosal dissection techniques.
SS carried out the study design, obtained funding, and performed the endoscopic and EE-L procedures.
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