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The PD-1/PD-L pathway has been extensively studied in various infection models.
These findings therefore suggest a protective role of the PD-1/PD-L pathway in host immunity against M. tb.
The Fas-Fas-L pathway was shown to be involved in the apoptosis of lymphoma T cells induced by bacterial superantigens.
The ERAD-L pathway is the best characterized and includes BiP, PDIs, calnexin/calreticulin and a group of mannose-binding proteins (EDEMs) recognizing processed oligomannosidic N-glycans.
The human homologue of Usa1 is thought to be Herp since Herp partially restores the ERAD-L pathway in usa1Δ yeast cells [10].
We found that Fas-Fc effectively inhibited apoptosis (Figure 6B) confirming the involvement of the Fas-Fas-L pathway in apoptosis induced by bacterial Sags.
Mouse Fas-Fc- a competitive inhibitor of Fas-Fas-L interactions effectively inhibited apoptosis in the lymphomas studied confirming the involvement of the Fas-Fas-L pathway in apoptosis induced by bacterial Sags.
One quite remarkable characteristic of Pestivirus biology is its ability to inhibit the type I interferon (IFN) induction by dsRNA [71], which indirectly inhibits RNase L activation given that the 2 5 oligoadenylate synthetase/RNase L pathway is interferon-dependent [72].
As we had previously detected high levels of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in AAMs recruited during T. crassiceps infection, we hypothesized that the Programmed death-1/Programmed death-Ligands (PD-1/PD-Ls) pathway may be involved in such inhibition.
We also demonstrated that the PD-1/PD-L pathway participates in modulating the anti- Taenia-specific cell proliferative response.
An important component of the intracellular antiviral response is mediated by the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/ribonuclease L (RNase L) pathway.
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