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Such change in the waveform of the activity rhythm apparently augmented the flexibility of the underlying pacemakers resulting in minimizing the desynchrony among the constituent oscillators following the abrupt shifts in the LS cycle.
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Typically, we can calculate the number of length-l cycles c l, then calculate a total cost given by ∑ l w l c l, where w l is the cost weight of a length-l cycle, decreasing with l. effi_energy is the efficiency energy function, similar as perf_energy except that it gives a lower energy for higher efficiency.
The dynamics of the secondary mass for K impacts in L cycles of the base motion is formulated in terms of a return map.
To avoid such putative growth competitions induced by the sorting inaccuracy and to eliminate the delusive morphotypes, we examined an alternative selection regime (Ls-cycle, Additional file 7: Figure S7).
One of the most important Zeitgebers is the environmental light : dark (L : D) cycle.
The raw wastewater was introduced from top of the reactor with a volume of 2.5 L per cycle.
Temperature was kept at 25 ± 1°C and a 12 h: 12 h L: D cycle was maintained.
We visually determined the number of days (transients) required to resynchronise after L : D cycle change for each animal.
Animals were maintained on a 12-hour light-dark (L : D) cycle (lights on at 7 00 AM) at 23-24°C 23-24°Cmperoomre.
Interestingly, in both thorax and whole fly at 20 and 40 days, we saw downregulation of the S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle pathway.
Adult tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula) (4 female and 2 male) were obtained from a local supplier and housed together indoors on a 12 12 L: D cycle.
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