This estimate is based on the information of the manufacturerc of the applied LPS (1 ng LPS = 5 10 EU).
RAW264.7 cells were cultured in 0.01% FBS/DMEM for 30 min and sequentially stimulated with Pb (10 μM), LPS (1 ng/mL), Pb (10 μM) plus LPS (Pb+LPS) (1 ng/mL), or saline (control).
Neonatal inflammation was induced by single and systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg) at postnatal day 4 (P4).
BV2 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1 × 105 EU/ml for 24h) and hypoxia (1% O2 for 6h).
Similarly, the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in LPS (1 μg/ml -induced RAW264.7 cells were conducted as previously described.
Adult male BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg/kg E. coli 0111 B4 LPS 1 week after sham operation or bile duct ligation (BDL).
The first exposure was LPS 1, followed 7 days later by LPS 7 or 14 21 days later by LPS 14 21.
TLR ligands were purchased from Invivogen (San Diego, CA, USA) and used at following concentrations: LPS (1 μg/mL), CpG 2216 (2 μg/mL), R848 (2 μg/mL).
Next, cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 055 B5 (LPS, 1 µg mL−1) for 1, 3, or 5 h.
injection of LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p).
On day 28 the rats were given a single i.p. injection of LPS (1 mg/kg).
