In addition, the genus is widespread in scrubby and open tree habitats in both the Neotropical highlands and lowlands (Table 1).
The outcome model result for the dry lowland condition (Table 9) revealed that education level of the household head, household size, the gender of the household head, farming experience, age, income from crop enterprise, climate information, slope of a plot, and knowledge of adaptation options are positively and significantly related to farmers' adaptation decision.
Results of the selection model for the wet lowland condition (Table 8) indicate that education level of the household head, age of the household head, changes in temperature and precipitation, number of crop failures in the past, and frequency of drought in the past significantly increase the likelihood of farmers' perception of climate change (P < 0.01).
The mtDNA AMOVA found significant support for the greatest variance being explained when partitioned among the seven lowland basins (Table 1 lists basins; among basins 95.8% of the variation was explained, Φct = 0.96, p<0.05; 1.8% of the variation explained among sites within basins, Φst = 0.98, p<0.05; 2.4% variation explained within sites Φsc = 0.43, p<0.05).
Relatively few of these are considered pan-tropical, with those tolerant of flooding regimes commonly found in lowland rice (Table 1).
A pattern similar to that of IgG1 antibody levels was seen for IgG3, with intermediate and highland strata having significantly lower mean antibody levels compared to lowland stratum (Table 2).
There was little relationship between BMI and height or tibia length among the highland children, while there was a clear positive association among the lowland children (Table 2, Fig. 1a).
However, the overall prevalence of Psoroptes spp. was significantly higher in the highland and midland than the lowland agroecology (Table 3).> In goats the effect of agroecology on the prevalence of mange mites was analyzed using logistic regressions.
Log mean difference in IgM levels in the highland stratum was 2.997 (95%CI: 2.617 - 3.377; p < 0.001) and that of intermediate stratum was 2.141 (95%CI: 1.702 - 2.580; p < 0.001) when compared to the lowland stratum (Table 2).
Bark beetles outbreaks usually affect trees of more than 80 years old, and are associated with dry conditions and a drop in lowland water tables.
