These lowlands range in elevation from about 260 to 660 feet (80 to 200 metres) above sea level, with the lowest point at 256 feet (78 metres), on the southern edge of Szeged, along the Tisza River.
The sensitivity were higher in the highlands (range 67%-97 67%-97 in the lowlands (range 65%-74%), while specificithanere hinher in the lowlands (range 65%-74%-74%an in the highlands (range 37%-73%).
They are mainly found in the canopy of terra firme forest in the lowlands, but range up into the lower foothills of the Andes.
It is found throughout much of lowland Venezuela ranging east through the Guyanas, and south through much of Amazonia, including Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil.
The pairwise analysis of Fst also supports a high degree of genetic differentiation for both mtDNA and nDNA among lowland basins ranging from 0.30 0.96 and 0.10 0.52 respectively and excluding non-significant values (Table 3a and b).
The probability of producing good quality seeds was uniformly high for lowland populations, ranging from 0.80 0.93 to 0.80 0.97 (Fig. 3A) in the midland and highland sites, respectively (Table 2A).
Extensive loss of lowland forest throughout range doubtless has caused decreases in overall numbers, but the species has an ability to persist in often highly degraded landscapes where at least some forest patches remain (Wetmore 1972, Matlock et al. 2001, Ridgely and Greenfield 2001a, Roberts 2007).
The four endemic taxa occur in different habitats throughout these mountain ranges, ranging from lowland areas (800 m) to high mountain environments (>2500 m). A. molle and A. sempervirens (sect. Kickxiella) inhabit limestone cliffs from medium to high altitudes, whereas A. majus subsp. majus and A. majus ssp.
Our present data on FMR in llamas kept in their natural habitat of the Andes are similar to results reported recently for llamas measured in a temperate lowland environment20, which ranged from 17.48 to 25.87 MJ d−1.
In the western clade of lowland Stenocercus, species ranges and divergence times are consistent with major landscape shifts at the upper Guaporé and Paraguay River basins as a result of Andean orogeny, suggesting vicariant speciation.
