Not surprisingly, high consumers of added sugars also had the lowest intake of the five food groups (grains, fruits, vegetables, protein foods and dairy products), which are critical to normal growth and health maintenance.
France, the country with the highest intake of saturated fat, has the lowest rate of heart disease; Ukraine, the country with the lowest intake of saturated fat, has the highest.
The lowest intake (gram and kcal) was in the YGD + SFF condition.
Comparing the highest with the lowest intake, the ORs were 2.0 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.1 3.6) and 1.6 (95% CI 1.1 2.3) for butter and oil, respectively.
When the researchers compared people with the highest and the lowest intake of saturated fats, they found no clear difference between the risk of heart disease or other cardiac events.
A meta-analysis (Chan, 2011) of observational studies on red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas was conducted and found that the summary RR of colorectal cancer for the highest versus the lowest intake was 1.22 (95% CI= 1.11 1.34) and the RR for every 100 g/day increase was 1.14 (95% CI= 1.04 1.24).
Among 873 Caucasian women with breast cancer and 865 without, those with the highest consumption of unprocessed red meat and poultry appeared to have an increased breast cancer risk compared to Caucasian women with the lowest intake.
The lowest intake was seen for girls in the UK and the highest for German boys.
They are also among the groups with the lowest intake of fruits and vegetables [ 1, 2].
Lowest intake was seen in Kiribati, Samoa, and Vanuatu (eTable 3).
We specifically looked at lowest intake values versus highest intake values.
