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Each fertilization mutant or combination of mutants, producing the lowest fertilization rate spreads through the population.
We also demonstrated that spread of the genotype conferring the lowest fertilization rate also occurs within a two-locus model with cumulative effects (results not shown).
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The M D ratio, after correcting for diester degradation, was over 1 for all but the sites with the lowest fertilization rates in Sweden.
Oocytes with meiotic abnormalities can look normal and even become fertilized, but they lead to a low fertilization rate or a low implantation rate if they are fertilized [ 78, 79].
To investigate the effect of calcium ionophore on the fertilization rate of a patient with normozoospermia who nonetheless exhibited a low fertilization rate in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
A low fertilization rate (LFR) was more frequently observed in the HBV group (34.4% versus 15.6%, P = 0.036) and was associated with a decreased number of embryos available for transfer, although embryo quality on day 2 or 3 was not different.
FF-leptin levels lower and FF-visfatin levels higher than those found in control-NOW might be markers of this different phenotype and low fertilization rate.
Embryos with low fertilization rate (≤16 ± 3%) and low hatching percentage (≤7 ± 3%) were defined as low quality embryos (L) and embryos with high fertilization (≥91 ± 2%) and high hatching percentage (≥86 ± 3%) were defined as high quality embryos (H).
The poor oocyte recovery rate and the low fertilization rate obtained suggest that other factors such as temperature, local pressure and environment at the subcutaneous site might contribute to the poor quality of the oocytes.
The very low fertilization rate by sperm of LR males from pond 001 (8 %) and the poor hatching rate of their offspring (19%%) translated into only very few surviving tadpoles from crossings involving these males.
In summary, our studies show that in the FVB/N inbred mice, LB-SMGT is a viable method for generating transgenic mice, although we observed a low fertilization rate (FVB/N is known as a difficult strain for IVF but is widely used for microinjection), few founders, and a high frequency of mosaicism.
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