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SNP density differs drastically across structural regions of the miRNAs, indicating strongest selective constraint for the mature and star miRNA regions and lowest constraint for sites located in loops (fig. 1 B).
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Then, for step 2, according to the proof of Theorem 1, we perform two iterative processes to obtain two groups of P 1 and P 2 values, which satisfy the lowest constraints of P 1 and P 2, respectively.
1 - very high constraint to 5 - very low constraint.
Low constraint indicates that a node has a high brokerage potential.
Suitability of the low constraint laboratory specimens for fracture toughness measurements is also confirmed.
As a result, a new engineering tool to assess low constraint geometries with respect to brittle fracture has been obtained.
The latter affects the shape recovery strain through strengthening the matrix thus reducing the martensite strain which is more predominant under low constraint stresses.
When applied to a structure with low constraint geometry, the standard fracture toughness estimates may lead to strongly over-conservative estimate of structural performance.
All the pipelines considered in this study, which had realistic crack sizes, exhibited low constraint behavior (i.e. −1.4 < Q < −0.4).
For a variety of reasons, structural members may be made of thin gage-materials with inherently low constraint to plastic deformation.
This appears to be sufficient in predicting lower shelf toughness under high constraint conditions, but may fail when attempting to predict toughness in the transition region or for low constraint conditions when using the same parameters.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com