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By contrast, Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, which year after year has one of the lowest breakdown rates in North America, had an incident rate of only 1.4, according to the Times analysis.
It can be seen that each gas exhibits a distinct breakdown voltage: Ar shows the lowest breakdown voltage and N2 displays the highest one.
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Bulk breakdown with a low breakdown voltage is attributed to high VBG.
The long-term litter bag experiments showed very low breakdown rates (−k=0.0014 0.0037 d−k=0.0014 0.0037
Recent studies of rf breakdown physics in cryogenic copper X-band accelerating structures have shown a dramatic increase in the operating gradient while maintaining low breakdown rates.
In the HEMT, if the Schottky gate is adopted, this gate interface brings in large interface states which exacerbate the large leakage current and low breakdown field [7].
These transistors, which present a low breakdown voltage BVCE0 = 2.3 V and DC current gain of 300, are mounted on a custom printed circuit board (PCB).
Transparent heterojunction formation with low breakdown voltage (approximately 2.5 V) between ZnO and PVK films was confirmed by I-V measurement.
Our optimized APD structures reveal a low dark-current density of Id="1×10-4 1×10-4A/cm2in M="10 atd a low breakdown voltagainbd<30V.
A novel physical gas sensor based on CNTs has been demonstrated with low breakdown voltage due to its extremely sharp radii [7, 8].
We report on the development of mesa-processed InGaAs/InAlAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) for short-wave infrared (SWIR) applications with demand for high gain and low breakdown voltage.
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