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Li et al. reckoned that a thin layer of CsOx is capable of lowering the work function of the underlying layer of ITO [27].
According to the previous literatures [23, 29], a thin layer of Cs2CO3 is capable of lowering the work function of the underlying layer.
This finding suggests that an ECHD layer of proper thickness at the Al interface improves electron transport, possibly by lowering the work function of the ECHD/Al structure compared to that of Al, resulting in an enhanced performance of OSCs.
For lowering the work function of the Al cathode and doping the Alq3 ETL, the reaction of hot Al atoms with alkali metal carboxylates during Al vapor deposition was utilized.
Cold cathode using resonant tunneling involving GaN [25] and using a layer of TiO2 [26] seem very different, but in fact are very similar, because both involve storing electrons in a region close to the surface by raising the Fermi level to effectively lowering the work function and resonantly tunneling out into the vacuum.
From the perspective of tetrahedron bond formation, a mechanism for the nitrogen-lowered work function is proposed, suggesting that both the nitrogen nonbonding (lone pair) and the lone-pair-induced carbon antiboding (dipole) states are responsible for lowering the work function and hence the threshold field.
Similar(53)
With the desire to lowering the working temperature of Na-β″-Al2O3 solid electrolyte (BASE) based batteries, electrophoretic deposition process is employed to fabricate 300 μm thick Na-β″-Al2O3 sheet with densification microstructure and high ionic conductivity.
Thus, As2O3 represents a novel chemotherapeutic agent worth for continuous investigation, particularly when used in combination with another agent such as berberine that exhibits an enhanced inhibitory effect, which allows lowering the working As2O3 concentration.
Hypotensive drugs reduce arterial blood pressure and cardiac output and thereby lower the work and oxygen consumption of the heart.
A thin PbO layer can effectively lower the work function of ITO from 4.5 to 3.8 eV.
In this study, the thin Cs2CO3 layer lowers the work function of the WO3 layer and thereby increases electron-extraction ability in this combined WO3/Cs2CO3 system.
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