When analysis is restricted to interventions delivered from mainstream GP practices, it is more cost-effective (lower cost-effectiveness ratio) to deliver the intervention to the general Australian population rather than the Indigenous population (for the polypill, $11,000 compared to $13,000 DALY/saved).
The probability of supported employment being cost-effective using the NICE lower cost-effectiveness threshold of £20,000/QALY is 67.1%, while at the NICE upper cost-effectiveness threshold of £30,000/QALY, it is 75.2%.
Abbreviations: QALY, quality-adjusted life year; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio dominated by extended dominance (raloxifene has greater effectiveness and a lower cost-effectiveness ratio) Under base case assumptions, alendronate therapy was more expensive and less effective than raloxifene for all combinations of age (55 to 75) and T-score (-1.0 to -2.4) considered.
A large disparity in spectrum holdings may yield poor results with respect to both objectives, i.e. the lower cost-effectiveness of a larger number of MNOs, and the lower competitive pressure of a smaller number of MNOs.
Regarding gastrectomy for gastric cancer, a robotic approach clearly has advantages including less blood loss and lower postoperative morbidity compared with LG, although robotic gastrectomy requires longer operative time and has lower cost-effectiveness [33, 34].
For instance, even though our results suggest that supplementation has a substantially lower cost-effectiveness ratio, implementation of a universal supplementation program in India has been problematic.
Furthermore, although GM fortification may have a lower cost-effectiveness ratio than supplementation in some cases, it may not deliver adequate amounts of vitamin A and may be insufficient as a stand-alone strategy [11].
Thus, with effective sewage treatment in place, phosphates may actually be the most environmentally friendly option in a life-cycle perspective [21] which would imply much lower cost-effectiveness for a phosphate ban than what can be extracted from Table 4.
If accounting for both the time-changing CD4-related risk and dilution of prognostic value due to within-individual fluctuations that our analyses quantified, these models would probably predict an even lower cost-effectiveness for applying CD4 thresholds above 350 cells/µL and for RNA pre-treatment monitoring.
Adding environmental information resulted in a lower cost-effectiveness.
Much lower cost-effectiveness ratios have been reported for population-based interventions and policies.
