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4 Lowered lung function has been reported among farmers in occupational settings, 7 8 and especially among those working with farm animals, in longitudinal studies.
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Alternatively, this may be a marker of a specific exposure but not causally linked to lower lung function.
Hypomethylation of transposable elements may or may not be causally linked to lower lung function and faster rates of lung function decline.
Other studies demonstrated that atopy was related to lower lung function in young adults with asthma [ 27] or independently of asthma [ 28].
Among people with COPD, physical health status was independently related to lower lung function, the level of dyspnoea and cardiovascular comorbidities, while mental health status was mainly related to the level of dyspnoea.
Another potential confounding factor of our findings was that some unmeasured air pollutants, such PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds from tailpipe emissions, could also have been responsible for lowering lung function rather than O3 alone in our study.
Increased in susceptibility to thrombotic disease may be associated with lower lung function.
These data thus suggest that higher systemic clotting pathway activity may be a modifiable risk factor for lower lung function.
Our original hypothesis was that higher levels of activation of blood coagulation would be associated with lower lung function.
Indeed, obesity is associated with high CRP and fibrinogen [28] and lower lung function [29] and may provide another link between systemic inflammation and low lung function.
Participants with COPD were older and had considerably lower lung function, but were similar to healthy controls in terms of gender and atopy (Table 1).
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