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This comparison revealed that the model predictions provide a lower-bound estimate of the actual kinetics, primarily because of the assumption of a constant, steady state nucleation rate.
Results demonstrate that the elastic stretchability of a serpentine interconnect bonded to this equivalent medium represents a lower-bound estimate for the case of the actual cellular substrate, where the bonding adopts different alignments and positions.
Lower-Bound Estimate.
The upper-bound estimate is a 50% increase in European gas consumption by 2035, with the lower-bound estimate being 15%.
I added a lower-bound estimate of the size of excess burdens at 25% since this is the figure that OMB requires federal agencies to use when conducting cost-benefit analyses.
Chao1 estimates were derived as a lower-bound estimate of richness, whereas ACE better approximates a point estimate of richness [36].
Similar(40)
This is a lower bound estimate given our assumption that total transfer income was unaffected by the fall in the rural population.
A similar Chao-lower-bound estimate of the pan-genome size is 3,047 gene families which represents the minimum number of gene families one would expect to see with infinite data available [40].
A cross-validation analysis revealed that this 2-agent approximation provides a good lower bound estimate of the ORR.
In Panel A we show the distribution of the lower bound estimates normalized by subtracting the lower bound estimate obtained with smoothing bandwidth of 30 minutes.
The CI's for slum vs. non-slum only overlap at the lower bound estimate for slum, and the upper bound estimate of non-slum.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com