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Ti was coated onto the VACNT surface utilizing the relatively lower work function property to enhance the FE current density.
Moderate compression, which induces a lower work function with a direct band gap, can improve the photoemission performance of GaN nanowires.
This is in contrast to the much lower work function of 4.26 eV observed on Cu-catalyzed graphene probably due to contaminants produced during the transfer process.
While, gate metal with lower work function exhibits better RF characteristics in JLT, application of different high-k dielectrics and gate metal have no improvement in cut-off frequency.
The enhanced PV performances can be attributed to the improved surface morphology of mp-TiO2, the lower work function (WF) of TiO2, the passivation of surface trap states, the improved perovskite crystallization and reduced grain boundaries.
The lower SBH and turn-on voltage are attributed to the lower work function of TiN [14].
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On the other hand, the Fe–O dz2 pz2 orbital is being modified by the X-dz2 orbital with lower work functions (Cr 4.41 eV and Mn 4.1 eV).
The modified indium tin oxide (ITO) using the cross-linked films show much lowered work function and hydrophobic property than pristine ITO, which indicates great potential application in inverted organic optoelectronic devices.
The lower work-function MoOx with ultra-thin thickness (4 nm) leads to decreases of the Schottky barrier, the contact resistance and the interface trap-state density.
From the perspective of tetrahedron bond formation, a mechanism for the nitrogen-lowered work function is proposed, suggesting that both the nitrogen nonbonding (lone pair) and the lone-pair-induced carbon antiboding (dipole) states are responsible for lowering the work function and hence the threshold field.
α-PbO has potential application in photovoltaic [4] while β-PbO was used as a surface modification layer for lowering work functions [3].
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