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The mechanisms governing the virulence of PEDV (or coronaviruses in general) may be redundant, or the S INDEL strains may be an intermediate between those of virulent and attenuated PEDVs (e.g., lower virulence).
Despite these differences, all strains are virulent on the mice model, but show a slightly lower virulence than PAO1 strain (Table 2).
Elucidating the mechanism responsible for the lower virulence of T. parva Chitongo could be useful for designing an attenuated vaccine.
This implies that speciation towards lower virulence is an effective strategy for a pathogen species to reduce its extinction risk.
It is therefore possible to envision that strains of HIV encoding R90K have lower virulence.
We investigated how the loss of protection effectiveness impacts a vaccination program's results in the lower virulence case.
On the other hand, if the vaccine-resistant strain has lower virulence, we must carefully manage vaccination to prevent the spread of a vaccine-resistant strain.
In general terms, a pathogenic species of bacteria can arise from an organism of lower virulence following acquisition of virulence genes (eg., pathogenicity islands).
Both, a lower virulence and an increased transmissibility are characteristics expected for viruses more fitted to the population of hosts where they circulate [37].
Nevertheless, the present study has highlighted strain-dependent differences in gene expression that correlate with high and lower virulence in a significant newly emerged pathogen.
Longer transmission times tend to favour strains that achieve greater overall reproduction through the prudent use of host resources, leading to lower virulence and greater host survival [2], [3].
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