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This implies that, when tested in a possible validation study, the instruments might show a somewhat lower validity, although probable still better than 'just guessing'.
Lower validity of SHS exposure suggests a need to confirm questionnaire information with biochemical analysis.
Lower validity, i.e. greater potential for bias with regard to performance, measurement and attrition, is found in uncontrolled observational studies (Section 3.3.4 to 3.3.5 GMTA).
Others argued that extended testing time accommodations may be awarded too liberally, resulting in lower validity of exam scores (Lovett 2011).
Finally, IQWiG may accept results from well documented case series, which have a lower validity, if the intervention brings about a "dramatic effect", e.g. life-saving substitution of essential hormones (Section 3.2.2 IQWiG GM 4.0).
We did not use continuous variables to represent income, education and occupations and perform latent profile analysis because (1) the continual measure of income and education has lower validity and efficiency compared to categorical income variable and (2) these two methods lead to quite similar results.
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To do this, the present research compared the ability of a word-based dot-probe task (ie, lower ecological validity) and picture-based dot-probe task (ie, higher ecological validity) to detect attentional biases using generally selected (ie, lower personal relevance) and idiosyncratically selected stimuli (ie, higher personal relevance).
However, the implementation of this analysis during the off-season resulted in lower ecological validity of these findings [7].
KOOS had a lower construct validity for patients with severe OA on a waiting list for TKA and patients after revision of TKA.
In a second study industry practitioners rated the CAVE as worse than physical methods for identifying entry and exit issues, and having lower perceived validity and reliability.
However, an inherent limitation of studies that seek to do this is that they suffer from lower internal validity.
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