Sentence examples for lower than the surface from inspiring English sources

In the sub-surface, the ENPOC were lower than the surface layer.

All the nasal formulations had a surface tension at the surface-to-air interface lower than the surface tension of the upper airway mucosal lining liquid (Table 2).

Correspondingly, the dyed substitute textiles were found to be acidic, exhibiting surface pH values between 2.65 and 3.91 which is significantly lower than the surface pH of the undyed equivalents which ranged between pH 5.36 and 7.46 (Table 3).

Substrate wetting has been a main problem in the use of water-based inks for printing in non-porous substrates, and to achieve successful substrate wetting, the surface tension of the ink must be lower than the surface energy of the substrate to be printed on [3].

The improved performance of the larger pore structures is realized even though the surface areas (∼670 m2/g) are substantially lower than the surface areas of the smaller pore analogs (812 1025 most), most likely, because of more efficient polymer impregnation of the particle mesopores.

The surface area estimate generated when the upper arms, lower arms, upper legs and feet were modeled as frustums was 6.3 cm2 lower than the surface area estimate generated when they were modeled as cylinders.

The indentation force in the elastic deformation of the patterned Al(111) surface is lower than the pristine surface.

The results of the present study showed that the roughness of fluoride-modified surface was significantly lower than the nonmodified surface.

We also suggest the lift surface be placed no more than 0.2 m lower than the work surface and the horizontal gap between lift and work surfaces be as small as possible.

At a pH lower than pzc the surface of photocatalyst is positively charged, whereas at pH higher than pzc it becomes negatively charged.

Soil in the pit was moister and more porous, and surface temperatures below the litter in the pits about 2 °C lower than at the surface.