We also found that 5L Index values were slightly lower than 3L Index values in all age groups, which is likely due to the fact that more respondents report health problems using the 5L.
Managers' costs for exchange-traded funds are lower than for index mutual funds, which provide services like telephone operations and, sometimes, branch offices.
Some of those myths, Vanguard says, are that exchange funds have lower expense ratios than index funds, that they are extremely tax efficient and that they will replace traditional index funds.
In the four cases with both positive serum and BAL galactomannan, the serum OD indices were lower than BAL OD indices, and time to positivity was longer for the former.
The Ki67 labelling index after 2 weeks of therapy and at definitive surgery was significantly lower than the labelling index at the baseline for eight patients.
The automated PET15 index was lower than the manual PET index in 39/48 patients.
Xia's test showed that the observed saturation index is lower than the critical saturation index if the resulting tree is symmetrical, but it is still higher if the tree is asymmetrical (fig. 4).
Excluding energy prices, which were 10.4percentt lower than a year ago, the index rose 2.6percentt in June.
500, and its beta -- a measure of the fund's volatility -- was 40percentt lower than that market index.
Yet a recent study by Mark Kritzman, president of Windham Capital Management of Boston, found that the returns from actively managed funds, net of fees, expenses and taxes, would be lower than those of index funds over a hypothetical 20-year period.
