In-dwelling catheters provide a nidus for bacterial entry into the normally sterile lower urinary tract, and increase the risk of lower urinary tract infection.
Benign, sterile lower extremity joint effusions can be encountered in paralysed patients (Fig. 23).
Our results challenge the traditional medical teaching that the lower airways are sterile, and suggest that bronchial tree contains a characteristic microbial flora that differs between health and disease.
The higher values were yielded in perennial plants, the lower values under sterile conditions.
When leakage occurred, contamination of the initially sterile lower reservoir with bacteria was immediate and it was not possible to determine the independent contributions from each pathway.
Crossings between males from Lineage B (Pr and Ca; higher 2n) and females from Lineage A (Ro and Ju; lower 2n) produced sterile females (H1 and H2) that lacked follicular structures.
Sexual risks might help explain why Mexican American IDUs in our sample have such a low HIV prevalence in spite of having equal levels of syringe sharing and lower access to sterile syringes than Whites and African Americans [ 42, 43].
Mechanical ventilation and other invasive treatment measures are very likely to increase risk of oro-pharyngeal or trachea-bronchial colonization with pathogenic bacteria, VAP occurs when bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens enter the sterile lower respiratory tract and lung parenchyma [ 18].
This release rate is in line with previous studies investigating the effect of female-lethal transgenes on caged populations [ 18, 20, 27] and much lower than the sterile:wild ratios that successful SIT programs have aimed to achieve against other Lepidoptera: P. gossypiella (60 1) [ 68]; C. pomonella (40 1) [ 69]; and painted apple moth, Orgyia anartoides (100 1) [ 70, 71].
The 2C4NP degradation rate in inoculated non-sterile soil (T3) is lower than that in inoculated sterile soil (T5).
The ancestral spikelet structure for Ehrhartoideae is a three-flowered spikelet in which the lower two flowers are sterile; this spikelet structure is uniquely derived (synapomorphic) for the subfamily (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001).
