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The bigger bowl radius (R1) makes higher swirl ratio and this eventually leads to lower soot emission.
The surrogate fuel showed very similar trends to the JP-8, but yielded lower soot volume fractions.
The highest injection pressure exhibited lower soot productions and more homogeneous soot distributions within the flame.
In particular, the presence of catalyst assures lower soot ignition temperature, higher selectivity to CO2, higher soot combustion rate and higher microwave energy saving.
Our numerical results confirm that the reduced H radical concentration leads to lower PAH concentrations and consequently lower soot inception rates.
At identical furnace gas temperatures and identical O2 mole fractions, when the background N2 gas was replaced with CO2, the particle envelope flames of the bituminous coals were characterized by lower soot volume fractions, lower temperatures and bigger sizes.
Similar(47)
Ethanol addition reduces the soot loading primarily by lowering soot inception and PAH condensation rates through decreasing the concentrations of aromatics.
The evolution of PSDFs of nascent soot showed that the CO2 addition gave rise to a decline in soot nucleation rate and a slower mass growth rate, hence significantly lowering soot yield.
Zero-gravity flames generally have lower temperatures, broader soot-containing zones, and higher soot volume fractions than normal-gravity flames at the same pressure.
The worst of the soot lower down on the walls has been scraped off.
In this situation, an even better design with lower NOx and soot was approached.
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