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The gauge length (the distance between the center of the upper screws to the center of the lower screws) and the moment arm from the loading point to the center of the longitudinal member were kept constant at 76.0 ±1.0 mm and 48.5 ±1.0 mm, respectively, for all constructs.
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In addition, the higher screw speed makes better dispersion compared with lower screw speed.
Access for plate insertion is through the same anterolateral approach and a distal incision may be needed for lower screw insertion.
However, when combined with higher moisture content (≥19 g/100 g) and lower screw speed (≤333 rpm), the results of the expanded product were not satisfactory.
In 2006, Clavert et al. [ 33] proposed that scapular notching is a result of micro movements in the lower screw.
To ensure that the supporting lower screw is in direct contact with the 2 upper lag screws, a 1-mm K-wire was placed under the two screws and used as a screw guide wire.
These screws theoretically may stiffen the construct by splitting the length of the rod that spans from the upper screw to the lower screw into two half-length parts.
Outcome measures included: 1) stresses in bone, 2) relative displacement of the proximal and distal tibial fragments, 3) stresses in the plates, 4) stresses on the upper and lower screw surfaces in the screw channels.
Outcome measures included: 1) stresses in bone, 2) relative displacement of the proximal and distal tibial fragments, 3) stresses in the plates, and 4) stresses on the upper and lower screw surfaces in the screw channels along the X-axis.
You might have to use a spanner to fasten the lower screw to the spring frame.
Studies have confirmed that screws in osteoporotic spines have significant lower-screw strength with more frequent screw movements within the vertebra than normal spines.
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