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Recent studies support the neuromuscular independence between upper and lower rectus abdominis [30].
Electrical activity was bilaterally recorded (with an electromyographic instrument and surface electrodes) from the synergistic muscles of the PFM: lower rectus abdominis (RA), the gluteus maximus (GM), the adductor magnus (AM), and only from the left side of the external oblique (EO) (secondary outcome).
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There are three important bi-articular muscles in the lower body (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius), and they affects two joints simultaneously [ 26- 30].
Interventions: Subjects performed 3 exercises in random order while surface electromyograms were recorded from 5 muscle sites: lower and upper rectus abdominus, external oblique, erector spinae, and multifidus.
In the lower extremities, the hamstrings, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles are commonly involved.
Capnocytophaga spp., P. micra, and C. rectus showed lower frequencies in both groups.
The surface myoelectric (sEMG) signals associated with muscle contractions will be collected on lower limb muscles; m. rectus femoris, m. vastus medialis, m. vastus lateralis, m. biceps femoris and semitendinosus following the SENIAM guidelines [ 59].
For all AS, the extraction forces in the pelvic floor were considerably lower than those in the rectus fascia (Table 1).
Thus, the peritoneal side catheter ran obliquely, upper lateral to lower medial, through anterior sheath, abdominal rectus muscle, and inserted to the peritoneum.
Group-mean sartorius FF was higher than all other thigh-level muscles (p < 0.01 for semimembranosus, p < 0.001 for all other muscles), whilst the rectus femoris FF was lower than most other thigh muscles (p < 0.01 vs gracilis, vastus lateralis; p < 0.001 vs sartorius, semimembranosus, biceps femoris and adductor magnus).
Ferrer [ 35, 36] proposed "maximal surgery" at the first procedure: unsutured tenomyectomy (9 10 mm) of the inferior rectus, exeresis of the lower-half fascias, recession of the conjunctiva; tenectomy of the superior oblique; and, when not absent, resection of the superior rectus.
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