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So what is going on?The obvious culprit for lower participation, of course, is the recession.
The over-representation of the 'middle' and largest age group (46 55 years) poses questions about the lower participation of younger and older teachers.
Although there is some evidence that various personal, organisational and social factors result in lower participation of older workers in development activities, age-related differences in continuing professional development among nurses remain under-explored.
The lower participation of Italian editors may have contributed to the lower performance of Italian journals on parameters of editorial leadership examined in this study.
Women with an unintended pregnancy reported significantly greater levels of marital conflict than women with an intended pregnancy and lower participation of the child's father in childcare.
Furthermore, due to lower participation of illegal immigrants in the census, the US census data may underestimate neighbourhood minority population and poverty.
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Because of a slightly lower participation rate of children from the capital of Torshavn, the prenatal mercury exposure levels of the children examined was significantly higher [geometric mean cord-blood mercury concentration, 22.8 µg/l (114 nmol/l)] than that of those who did not participate [17.9 µg/l (89 nmol/l)].
This may be the reason of lower participation rate of MapIT activities.
This is related to the lower participation rates of parents of children with lower problems as rated by parents but higher problem scores as rated by teachers at pre-test.
Participation with reminder letter was estimated at 27%% as observed for reminder letters sent with pre-assigned appointments [ 12, 14], but additional analysis was performed to estimate the effect of open invitations with lower participation rate of 14%% [ 14].
This may be attributed to less well-defined cardiovascular disease, or the use of a four-grade scale of self-rated health, or a lower participation rate of 33% or contextual and semantic differences between a British and Swedish setting or an effect of the Västerbotten Intervention Programme.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com