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In general, crude oil droplets coalesced more readily in lower or neutral pH.
We tested our results, clustering by industry NACE code, and by sub-sample of higher, lower, or neutral PERF companies.
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The fixation index (FST) statistic measures population differentiation and provides a test for the influence of selective pressures, where higher FST values indicate local positive adaptation and lower values negative or neutral selection [ 36].
Since the usual focus of functional discourse is on organisms, features selected positively or negatively at higher or lower levels but neutral (or negative) for organisms are considered to have only casual role functions for the purposes of figure 1.
Genome-wide studies in humans have shown that the levels of polymorphism at miRNA and miRNA target sites are lower than at coding or neutral regions, however beneficial miRNA-target site polymorphisms also exist [ 19].
If the rate of substitution or polymorphism is lower than neutral, it is evidence of selective constraint or purifying natural selection acting to prevent change and preserve function in the face of mutational damage.
The degradation rates decrease when the pH values are lower or higher, suggesting that a neutral environment is more suitable for the NH4 +-N degradation by strain Gan-35.
Any locus with FST higher or lower than the neutral distribution (outlier) is considered a candidate for being under selective pressure (Beaumont and Nichols 1996).
Preferred temperatures were lower than neutral temperatures among different sites in each period or both periods combined, indicating the instinctive preference of people from relatively hot regions for a cooler thermal state.
Maintain the natural curve in the lower back (neutral spine) and engage your core by gently drawing in the lower abdominals just above your pubic bone.
If the LTR-containing intron is under stabilizing selection, a lower than neutral rate of substitution would be expected.
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