Technological systems including RADAR, SONAR, GPS, VTS, ECDIS, AIS, and others, have benefitted maritime operations in many ways, but have not necessarily resulted in lower operator workload.
Field trial results generally indicated lower operator exposure levels than indicated by the most relevant operator exposure predictive model.
This may be unfortunate, since the disposable Tine tool offers potential advantages over the Mantoux method, including rapid application; less wastage; lower unit cost; and lower operator skill level.
(7) Here, (vert alpha_{k,j}(t) rangle) is a coherent state (an eigenstate of the lowering operator (a_{k}) with eigenvalue (alpha_{k,j}(t))) corresponding to the bitstring j.
As a consequence D x is an exact lowering operator in these bases { ϑ n ( x ( s ) ) } where k n ( c i, c i + 1, c i + 2 ), i = 1 or i = 4, are constants with respect to s and they depend on the lattice type.
The interaction Hamiltonian, under the rotating-wave approximation, can bewritten as H i n t = - ∑ i, k ( g k a k σ + i + g k * a k + σ - i ) [22, 25], where g k is the coupling strength between eachSQD and SPP mode k, σ + i = | e x 〉 i 〈 0 | ( σ − i = | 0 〉 i 〈 e x | ) is the raising (lowering) operator of the i thSQD.
So WiMax not only lowers operators' costs; it changes their approach to business.
We introduce the raising (sigma^{alpha}_ = |alpha,+rangle langle alpha,-|) and lowering operators (sigma^{alpha}_ = |alpha,-rangle langle alpha,+|).
where σ ± j and a k † ( a k ) are the raising and lowering operators of the j th ion and the creation (annihilation) bosonic operators of the k th vibrational mode, respectively.
A polynomial p n ( x ) ( n ∈ N, x ∈ C ) is said to be a quasi-monomial [16], whenever two operators M ˆ, P ˆ, called multiplicative and derivative (or lowering) operators respectively, can be defined in such a way that (1.19).
end{aligned} (34) We use the resolution of polynomials in the raising and lowering operators [32], Section 2.9.3: sum_{m,n}c_{m,n}a^{m} a^{dagger n} = frac{1}{pi} int_{alphain mathbb{C}} c_{m,n}alpha^{m} bar{ alpha}^{n} vert alpha rangle langlealpha vert,d^{2} alpha.
