Thus arose the doctrine of the right of resistance of the lower magistrate against the higher.
Calvin would not condone the Conspiracy of Amboise because it was not led by a lower magistrate.
"From here on out, you are stuck with me," Cooper told Khattala, explaining that the two judges who had overseen the arraignment and detention hearings were lower-level magistrates and that he would be handling the case going forward.
The lower court magistrate, Jose Castro, had said there was evidence the princess had aided and abetted or at least been complicit with her husband, Inaki Urdangarin, a former Olympic handball player accused of using his connections to win public contracts to stage events on Mallorca and elsewhere in Spain.
The Supreme Court appoints judges of lower courts and magistrates.
Other courts include the High Court, which has full civil and criminal jurisdiction and rules on constitutional matters, the Kenya Court of Appeal, which hears appeals from lower courts, and magistrates' courts at local levels.
To further minimize the misuse of political power, Calvin proposed to divide it among several political institutions like the aristocracy, lower estates, or magistrates in a system of checks and balances (separation of powers).
Among the lower courts are the Magistrate's Court, which hears most criminal cases, and the Lands and Titles Court, which handles civil matters.
If this obstruction occurred against a magistrate of a lower rank, then it was called intercessio, where the magistrate literally interposed his higher rank to obstruct the lower ranking magistrate.
It was decided at the lower level by a "temporary magistrate," who, according to an independent forensic analysis, may have outsourced the job of writing the decision to the president's lawyer.
