Sentence examples for lower level problem from inspiring English sources

The lower level problem is ridesharing user equilibrium (RUE).

The lower level problem is the user equilibrium traffic assignment problem.

The lower level problem is formulated as a certain traffic assignment model.

Consider the following lower level problem: min ˜ y G ( x ¯, y ) s.t.  y ∈ Y ( x ¯ ).

Furthermore, the optimal solutions of the lower level problem may be not unique in some cases.

For the actual bilevel programming problems, however, the lower level problem often involves multiple decision makers.

To obtain a feasible solution only the lower-level problem has to be solved globally.

The lower-level problem accommodates user equilibrium (UE) trip assignment with fixed and variable mode-shares.

Moreover a bounding technique is proposed to limit the computational time required to solve the lower-level problem.

where the set Y (3.2) on the new parameter of the lower-level problem acts like additional upper-level constraints.

In this subsection, we shall study the sensitivity analysis of the negative value function in the lower-level problem (3.1).