As a result, especially for the lower legs, landmark configurations during locomotion substantially differ from the mean landmark configuration, i.e., the motions are non-stationary [31, 32].
Besides the non-stationary motion, another major problem is the non-discriminative texture information of the lower leg landmarks (cf. landmarks 12 to 15 and 19 to 22 in Figure 1b), which additionally complicates the fitting process of AAMs.
Although the statue had become a Lower Manhattan landmark, it was removed in 1980, restored and installed in 1983 in the lobby of AT&T's new headquarters, sometimes called the Chippendale Building, on Madison Avenue and 55th Street.
Trinity Church, (212) 602-0768, a Lower Manhattan landmark -- it was established in 1697, although the current building dates to 1847 -- offers free lunchtime recitals throughout the year, but devotes special attention to its summer concerts, which typically focus on a single composer.
The Neandertals are characterized by a cranial vault slightly lower (bregma, landmark #4) and lengthen (opisthocranion, #2).
In addition, certain landmarks exist which are covered by neither of the current approaches, e.g., the lower leg landmarks of the top camera view (cf. landmarks 12 to 15 and 19 to 22 in Figure 1b).
The fitting step of this AAM is then augmented using constraints derived from (1) a standard AAM trained only on the subset of stationary (i.e., torso and upper leg) landmarks, (2) local tracking methods for lower leg landmarks, (3) anatomical knowledge, and (4) the epipolar geometry of the scene.
On the other hand, not all landmarks would be covered by these methods, as for instance the lower leg landmarks in the top view (cf. Figure 1b).
