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The lower Kappa values for all three groups regarding Arthralgia also motivated a separate analysis.
The inter-examiner reliability test in the present study showed better agreement with the least accurate radiographic techniques, i.e., PA images and PAN, as it showed lower kappa values with the CBCT which was the most accurate technique.
Thus, lower kappa values are expected.
Finally, low prevalence figures (with more restrictive definitions) lead to lower Kappa values.
For example, the LTCF showed somewhat lower kappa values for discharge potential, pain, and skin.
The lower kappa values between sons and fathers than between brothers may be due to a more defined disease phenotype within one generation than between two generations.
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Only the study of MacDermid showed a lower kappa value (κ = 0.35) [8].
Since our study population contained relatively few type B fractures, this might have resulted in a skewed distribution and therefore a lower kappa value [11].
The junior registrars had statistically significant lower kappa value for interobserver reliability than the more experienced raters.
The lower kappa value for permanent molars than for primary dentition obtained by us is in accordance with the findings of de Souza et al. [ 10].
Of our three reviewers, one had a higher propensity to assign an 'uncertain' status to codes than the other two HIM reviewers, resulting in a slightly lower Kappa value (.61) than desirable.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com