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The parallel crystalline component, which was assumed to be a kind of taut tie chain to support the mechanical toughness of the bulk sample, was found to be lower in population for ETFE 2-components sample and higher for the copolymer samples containing the third monomer component.
Considering mutation rates as equal across populations, it follows that effective population sizes are not detectably lower in population isolates.
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Indeed, it has been regularly observed that the incidence of adverse events is lower in populations with pre-existing immunity rather than higher.
Genetic diversity often is lower in populations that are found on the periphery or limits of distribution compared with central populations, caused by small effective population sizes, greater geographic isolation, and higher environmental pressures on the margins of distribution [60] [63].
The pooled risk estimates were lower in population-based cohorts (1.51 [1.13–2.02]) than clinic-based cohorts (2.28 [1.46–3.58]), likely because the former reported adjusted risk estimates and the latter did not.
Weber presented data demonstrating how breast cancer penetrance in BRCA1 mutation carriers varies with the population studied - from 87% by age 85 years in high-risk families to 50% by age 69 years or even lower in population-based samples.
Although response rates in some other studies are unequalled [ 44], reported response rates are usually similar [ 15, 18, 45] or lower in population-based cohorts [ 13, 14, 17, 19].
Interestingly, all three estimates of genetic variation were lower in populations with higher growth rate at all temperatures (Table 5).
This no-effect level most likely would be lower in populations with genetic defects causing CH and in populations with lower iodine uptake.
Genetic variation was lower under benign than stressful temperatures and lower in populations with higher growth rate, presumably due to some depletion of genetic variation by selection.
Genetic variation was lower in populations with higher growth rate at the three temperatures and evolvability increased under heat stress in seven of nine populations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com