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Why do fuel cell stacks have lower durability, reliability and robustness than their individual cells?
Durability tests showed that 3D printed actuators, especially, the ones with support materials remaining inside chambers, had lower durability compared to the actuators fabricated by casting process.
Results indicate higher conductivity and lower durability for Cu Ni P-coated samples Cu Ni P-coatedsampleserpart with same sub-layer incomparedito nitsel on top layer.
With respect to the electrolytic salt, cells using LiBF4 generally showed lower durability than cells using tetraethylammonium salt, TEABF4, especially at high operating voltages (>3.5 V).
Nowadays, natural fibers is an interesting option due to their unique properties such as low density, good specific properties, renewability, combustibility, lower durability, excellent mechanical properties and low price compared to synthetic fibers.
Because side chain attack by radicals formed during fuel cell operation is a major source of membrane degradation, it is reasonable to hypothesize that membranes with lower EW and, therefore, more sulfonic acid side chains, would have lower durability.
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Nanosilica improved mechanical and durability properties of mortar, while SCBA did not have a substantial influence on mortar performance according to lower strength and durability at early ages.
Results showed that the incorporation of nanosilica improved mortar performance, while RHA did not have a significant influence and mainly attributed to lower strength and durability at early ages.
Replacing natural aggregates with RCA of lower strength adversely affects the durability properties of the concrete.
In addition, alkyd resins tend to have lower exterior durability than many of the newer polymer systems.
Compared to commercial wood pellets, produced pellets had comparable bulk densities (630 710 kg/m3) but lower pellet durability (80 90%).
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